翻訳と辞書 Words near each other ・ Conservatism in Germany ・ Conservatism in North America ・ Conservatism in Pakistan ・ Conservatism in Serbia ・ Conservatism in South Korea ・ Conservatism in the United Kingdom ・ Conservation and restoration of books, manuscripts, documents and ephemera ・ Conservation and restoration of ceramic objects ・ Conservation and restoration of copper-based objects ・ Conservation and restoration of glass objects ・ Conservation and restoration of iron and steel objects ・ Conservation and restoration of ivory objects ・ Conservation and restoration of metals ・ Conservation and restoration of musical instruments ・ Conservation and restoration of objects made from plastics ・ Conservation and restoration of outdoor artworks ・ Conservation and restoration of outdoor bronze objects ・ Conservation and restoration of photographs ・ Conservation and restoration of shipwreck artifacts ・ Conservation and restoration of silver objects ・ Conservation and restoration of textiles ・ Conservation and restoration of Tibetan thangkas ・ Conservation and restoration of time-based media art ・ Conservation and restoration of wooden furniture ・ Conservation and restoration training ・ Conservation and Society ・ Conservation and Use of Wild Populations of Coffea arabica ・ Conservation area (United Kingdom) ・ Conservation areas of India ・ Conservation Authorities Act Dictionary Lists mini英和辞書 mini和英辞書 Webster 1913 Latin-English FOLDOC Wikipedia English ウィキペディア

翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Conservation and restoration of outdoor artworks ： ウィキペディア英語版 Conservation and restoration of outdoor artworks The conservation and restoration of outdoor artworks is the activity dedicated to the preservation and protection of artworks that are exhibited or permanently installed outside. These works may be made of wood, stone, ceramic material, plastic, bronze, copper, or any other number of materials and may or may not be painted. When applied to cultural heritage this activity is generally undertaken by a conservator-restorer. ==Environmental issues== Unlike many works of cultural heritage, outdoor artworks are not exhibited in a controlled environment, where temperature and relative humidity are closely monitored. Though works may be more easily preserved in a controlled environment, they are installed outside to preserve the artist's intent, and avoid decontextualization.〔Chiantore, Oscar, and A. Rava. (2005). ''Conserving Contemporary Art: Issues, Methods, Materials, and Research.'' Los Angeles, CA: Getty Publications.〕 Instead, outdoor works are exposed to many and various environmental factors depending upon its geographic or site location and its configuration.〔Naudė, Virginia N. (1985). ''Sculptural Monuments in an Outdoor Environment''. Philadelphia, PA: Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts.〕 Environmental threats may include, but are not limited to rain, snow, acid rain, and earthquakes as well as fluctuations in temperature and relative humidity. They may also be exposed to excessive amounts of light as well as human intervention. Excessive rain and moisture can also lead to mold growth. Daily exposure to ultraviolet, visible, and infrared (IR) radiation has a detrimental effect on painted sculptures or those with organic or inorganic coatings. Excessive light exposure may cause color alterations and loss as well as structural breakdowns in the paint and coatings.〔Considine, Brian B. (2010). ''Conserving Outdoor Sculpture: The Stark Collection at the Getty Center''. Los Angeles, CA: The Getty Conservation Institute.〕 Air pollution can also adversely affect outdoor artworks. In additional to meteorological conditions, traditional outdoor pollutants including sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and ozone affect the various composite materials.〔Grzywacz, Cecily M. (2006). ''Monitoring for Gaseous Pollutants in Museum Environments''. Tools for Conservation. Los Angeles, CA: Getty Conservation Institute.〕 The specific level and type of air pollution degradation is dependent on the material and composition of the artwork as well as the length of exposure. Organic carbonyl pollutants are also an increasing threat due increased use of ethanol based fuels.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Conservation and restoration of outdoor artworks」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.